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.1 RfS!, a4 2 Kxg4, Ka6(Black would also lose quickly after 2.a3 3 R !, a2 4 Ra3 when the apa f ls) 3 KhS, Kb6 4 Kh6, Ka6 S Kxh7 llowed by a triumphantKing march to the Queenside.TEST: DIAGRAM #67Question: Black to move.What happens?Answer: White wins because Black is rced to give up his R k rWhite's pawn when the remaining two Black pawns contained ddevoured by White's R k.1." " Rxg7ch (or 1.2 Rg6, Rxg6 3 g6, 4g8=Qch.Black would have drawn this pawn did not Queen with check) 2g7, e3 3 Re6! ( e only move that does not lose! Now White secures thevictory) 3." Kb7 4 Kf6! (If the Kings were not present, then 4 Re4 fallowedby 5 Rxf4 would pick off the pawns.Un rtunately 4 Re4 lows Black'sKing to enter e battle after 4.Kc6 5 R 4?? [5 Kf6! is still co ect]5.Kd5 and Black draws because e White King is not playing a part in thegame) 4.Kc7 (The Rook is preventing Black's King from taking part in e Part Ten: Answe To Test Questions 209fight) 5 KfS, Kd7 6 Re4, (Else 7 Kxf4 would have ended it) 7 Rxe3, 8R and Black's last pawn falls by the wayside.TEST: DIAGRAM #77Question: Black to move and draw.How?Answer: White threatens to play 2 Ke7 when both 2.Kg7 3 f6ch and2 ".Relch 3 are just what White is dreaming of.To stop this plan Blackmust make use of his checking distance on the Queenside (Note that Black'sKing correctly went to the by playing 1.Ral! with the threat of2 ".Ra6ch 3 KgS, Kg7 and a dead drawn Philidor posi on.White's st tryafter 1.Ral! is 2 Re8 (To meet 2.Ra6ch wi 3 Re6) when 2.Rfl! 3Ke6, K ! leaves White unable to make progress.Go back and studyDiagram #73 r a more de iled explanation.TEST: DIAGRAM #78Question: Is 1 a7 a g d idea?Answer: Yes, it wins instantly because Black can't get his King back to esafe g7 or h7 squares.After 1 a7!, Kd7 (l.KP meets with the same response) 2 Rh8!, Rxa7 3 Rh7ch.White wins the enemy R k and the g e. 210 Essential Chess Endin ExplainedNote that Black's King st d on (instead of e then 1 a7would not accomplish anything after 1.Kg7! when Black is quite safe.TEST: DIAGR #82Question: White to play.Can he win? (If he can, how?)Answer: White has no chances for victory cause his Rook is stuck in it'spassive position, his pawns are unable to adv ce, and his ng is unable toplay a part in the game.Note that 1 a6 would hang the Rook and 1 Ra6ch,Kb7 leaves the b-pawn unde nded.If White ies the logical 1 Kc4 (by dending the pawn White is threatening free the Rook by 2 Rd6) thenBlack will kick it around with 1 Rh4ch 2 KcS (2 Kd3, Rh5 and White hasmade no progress) 2 ".RhSch 3 Kc6, Rh h 4 Kc7, Rh7ch 5 Kd8, RhS(tieing down the Rook again.5.Rh8ch is also fine) and White must even.tually agree to the draw. Part Ten: Answe To Test Questions 211TEST: DIAGRAM #83Question: Would 1 a7 be a good way r White to y r a win?Answer: Whi 's only try for a win is bring his King to bl (to break the7 block) and then m ch it to a7.1 a7?? is simply awful cause itkes away the White K g tential hiding place on a7.After 1 a7??, thegame would be an easy draw r Black.If you played 1 a7??, it shows youdo not have a proper understanding of the.material in this section.Go backand re-ex ine these positions (especi ly the one shown in Starting Diagram #80) in detail!Question: Smyslov-Botvinnik, World Ch pionship Match 1954.Whi to play.Can he save the g e?Answer: If you unders nd Starting Diagram #8 1, then you will understandthe essence of is position.Black wins because he c create a sitionwi his a-pawn on e 7 , with a Black f-pawn on rs d a White f-pawnon r4.Black's plan: push his a-pawn to a2, capture the pa on gS, d exchange his rs pawn r White's pawn on g3.This will ultimately lead to theeasily winning situation of Rook plus a-pawn and f-pawn vs lone Rook. 212 Essential Chess Endin Explained1 K ( the actual game Smyslov knew his cause was lost anddes rately played the un rtunate 1 Kh3 ? ?.When the obvious 1.f4 llowed White resigned) 1." " a4 2 K , Ral 3 K , 4 Kg2 (4 Kf4 ??, a2leaves him defenseless to a back rank check llowed by a pawn promotion)4 " ".a2 S , KxgS (This capture is made at the right me.White is unableto ke on j7 due to.Rbl llowed by a promotion) 6 Kg2, Kf6 (6./4 7g 4ch, 4?? 8 Rx ch throws away the win in an obvious way d7.Kg4 8 f5!, 9 Ra5! also draws because White's ng is ee to make.endless tempo moves between g2 and ) 7 Ras, Ke6 8 Kh2, f4! 9 gxf4, rsand we have our well known won position.e lesson: when you know the b ic positions you c steer rthem om situations that look very complicated to the untrained eye.Question: White to p y and win.What move? Visualize the follow-up to the w ning s a gy.Answer: Whi wins by putting his R k ýÿhis passed pawn by1 Rbl!1 RxeS? allows Black to put his Rook beh d the passed pawn.After 1.Rb2! 2 Re6, Kg7 3 Kc4, 4 Rc6, Ke7 S Kc5, Kd8 the g e isdrawn because 6 Rc7 is met by 6 Rc2ch llowed by 7 " " " Rxc7, while 6 R-" ".anywhere else is met by 6." Kc8.Ra81.e power of the passed pawn with the Rook behind it forcesBlack to a re eat.2b7e pawn is crushing here.2 " " " Rb8Forced. Part Ten: Answe To Test Questions 2133 Ke4Whi 's King enters the battle to deliver e final touch.3.Black's King also tries to en r the scene, but it is too little, toolate.4 Kxe5Black resigned since 5 Kd6 llowed by 6 Kc7 cannot be pre-vented.TEST: D GR #89Question: Does White have y realistic hopes r a win? (If hedoes, how?).Answer: Whi cannot expect a victory unless Black makes a series of horrible mis kes.Even though White is a pawn ahead, all the pawns are onone side of the board and any pawn exch ge will lead to a basic, deaddrawn Philidor position. 214 Essential Chess Endin ExplainedQuestion: White to play.List the advantages of the Whiteposition.Are they adequate r a w ?Answer: White should win easily.His advantages: superior King; su riorBishop (good vs bad); Black's pawns are trapped d vulnerable on lightsquares; White's two Kingside pawns are paralyzing Black's three pawns;White has a heal y Queenside majority and create a passed pawn atany me by a4-aS.ere are two ways to win? 1 aS, bxaS 2 bxaS, Kc6 3 a6, Kb6 4BxdS when a Bishop ade is hopeless and 4." Bd7 S Bg8 is also a lostcause.The other method ( r the curious) is 1 c4!, dxc4 2 Bxc4 when2.".Bxc4 3 Kxc4 is an easy win r White and 2.Bd7 3 aS, bxaS 4 bxaSowed by 5 B also poses no difficulties.Never lose sight of possible adv i:ageous exchanges that c leadto ansposition to a winning King and Pawn endgame. Part Ten: Answers To Test Questions 215TEST: DIAGRAM 4Question: White to play.All the pawns are on one side, so shouldBlack aw?Answer: No.White wins cause of his dominant King position and hisability create a speedy passed e-pawn.1 f4, Bb4 (Black would sti haveto play this move after 1.Bd2 2 e5) 2 eS, fxeS 3 fxeS, gS 4 e6ch, K(4.Kg6 meets with the same te) 5 BeS! (an portant idea.White e.pares to cut off Black's con ol of e7 with Bd6) 5."g4 6 g3! (the immediate6 Bd6ch also wins) 6." " Ba3 7 Bd6ch, Bxd6 8 Kxd6, Ke8 9 e7 and Black resigns.TEST: D GR 9Question: Can White break this blockade and win? Does it matterwhose move it is?Answer: Though Black has a nice blockade White to play can break it bymarching his King to gS and sacrificing a couple of pawns to win Black'sBishop
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